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Maryland ranks among the top 10 states with the highest rates of gun-related killings. Although Baltimore accounts for just 9% of Maryland’s population, it has historically been responsible for a disproportionate share of the state’s gun violence (41% of all gun homicides). Yet across the city, community organizations, public agencies, and violence prevention initiatives are joining forces to reverse that trend. Their efforts are showing promising results: In 2024, Baltimore saw a 23% decrease in homicides and a 34% drop in nonfatal shootings.
One such project led by George Mason University’s Arthur Romano is working to prevent gun violence in the city through proactive peacebuilding initiatives. The Baltimore Peace Education and Violence Prevention project is addressing the problem with a multipronged approach: Peace summits that bring together peacebuilding organizations in Baltimore, offering services to municipal governments to strengthen their strategic plans in that area, and an international exchange of violence prevention practitioners to share emerging practices.
Romano, an associate professor at the at the Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter School for Peace and Conflict Resolution and founder of the Carter School’s Program on Urban Peacebuilding, has more than 25 years of experience in research and practice in peace and conflict resolution and focuses primarily on conducting actionable research to prevent violence in U.S. cities.
This project received seed funding as part of a collaboration between the Carter School and Rotary International. With its peacebuilding mission and connections around the world, Rotary International and local Rotary clubs were a natural partnership for this work.
“Since community-based violence is a result of multiple compounding stressors and structural issues, then the interventions need to be multi-level,” said Romano. “We’re trying to be proactive and build infrastructure that accelerates learning and communication across organizations. This is a different approach than focusing on a single organization.”
First, the research team held a pilot peace summit in Baltimore in April 2025 that brought together practitioners and community organizations on the front lines of violence prevention to share knowledge, identify gaps, and identify areas for collaboration. During this event, they mapped the peacebuilding work in the city, much like urban crime is mapped, and paved the way for their long-term goal of fostering a sustainable community of practice through ongoing workshops, skill-sharing, peer-learning and targeted training from outside experts.
A key partner in the project is recent Carter School alumna Nawal Rajeh, who organized the peace summit and has been running a peace camp in Baltimore for the past 17 years for children most at-risk for gun violence. Rajeh founded the Baltimore-based nonprofit By Peaceful Means, which aims to reduce violence among youth through peace education, advocacy, and employment. Nawal leveraged her skills in community-building and conflict resolution to bring together leaders in peacebuilding from across the city.
The research team is also conducting outreach to municipal governments on the second component of the project—seeking to develop or strengthen their strategic plans for violence prevention. When municipalities express interest, the team works with local agencies to assess current peacebuilding efforts, share insights from the peace summits, use the city-wide map to assist with coordination and collaboration and help create long-term systems for ongoing learning and collaboration.
The third component of the project is the Urban Peacebuilding Exchange (UPX), a professional learning exchange designed to support and connect community-based peacebuilders. The first pilot UPX program will launch in August, sending practitioners from Baltimore to engage with peers in Valparaiso, Chile, who are addressing issues like incarceration, prison reentry, and community violence.
Romano said they looked at what intervention points would have the highest impact for leveraging practitioners’ skills and the university’s role. “This came out of years of conversations with community organizations and recognition of these needs,” he said. “We create a bridge between the community and the university. I think this is where the Program on Urban Peacebuilding and George Mason are at their best.”
As the project enters its next phase, the team is mapping peacebuilding efforts across Baltimore and looking to leverage university resources—like cloud computing—to support and scale the work. They are seeking faculty collaborators with expertise in digital and participatory mapping, data visualization, cross-organizational learning platform development, or gaming and simulation design.
The team aims to develop two key tools: a real-time digital map of local peacebuilding efforts that allows for public input and offers dynamic visualization of existing violence prevention efforts, and a citywide learning and communication platform to connect peacebuilders, share resources, and help coordinate community-driven violence prevention efforts in cities around the world.
“This work demonstrates the powerful role universities can play in aiding and accelerating knowledge production in spaces outside the university through research partnerships,” said Romano.
This work in a critical part of George Mason’s Grand Challenge Initiative (GCI) and the university’s commitment to strengthening peace, trust, and engagement in democracy. George Mason also chairs the United Nations SDG 16 Hub—Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions, a position it will hold for the next three years. As hub chair, the Carter School is responsible for education and training, research, community engagement, developing partnerships, and working with other SDG hubs to strengthen and further the United Nations’ mission of peace and justice.